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Building 850 serves as one of the U.S. Navy's two "Energy Showcase" facilities to demonstrate applications of the latest concepts in energy-efficient and sustainable facility design, construction and operation. Located in Port Hueneme in Ventura County, California, the building is home to Naval Base Ventura County Public Works Department and provides Naval staff with direct exposure to and experience with green building principles. The project includes a 10,000 ft2 (950 m2) remodel and a 7,000 ft2 (650 m2) addition.

Environmental Aspects

The project serves not only as a functioning green building but also as a living laboratory and educational tool for emerging sustainable design and technologies. The building was carefully designed to take advantage of the mild climate and make use of passive systems that have been integrated with the mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems through an iterative design process to achieve maximum efficiency and indoor environmental quality.

The Building 850 design process was documented in a video production, and the project is featured on an Internet Web site to help provide the transfer of technologies to the public and other branches of government.

Owner & Occupancy

Owned and occupied by U.S. Navy, Federal government

Typically occupied by 70 people

Building Programs

Indoor Spaces:	Classroom, Lobby/reception, Office, Restrooms
Outdoor Spaces:	Garden—decorative, Interpretive landscape, Parking, Pedestrian/non-motorized vehicle path, Patio/hardscape, Restored landscape

Team & Process

Predesign

To ensure integration of building systems in the most sustainable and efficient way, an expanded design team was formed, including the building owner, architects, engineers, landscape architects, utilities, sustainability consultants and indoor air quality consultants.

The project goals for building 850 were:

to create a high quality work environment,

to create a highly energy-efficient building,

to demonstrate sustainable technologies,

to test and validate sustainable features that could be replicated on other Navy projects, and

to serve as a teaching resource for the Navy and others.

Design

The team engaged in a series of charrettes to establish goals and strategies, and conducted an iterative design process. Models of daylighting, energy use and air quality were used to analyze the impact of alternative designs and equipment. Partnerships were formed with research organizations such as California Polytechnic Institute at Pomona and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to conduct detailed analyses of building systems and materials. The results of these analyses were then folded back into the design process until an optimal set of strategies was determined.

Construction

A Construction Waste Management Plan was developed to maximize recycling of construction materials. A Construction Indoor Air Quality Plan was developed to prevent pollution sources from contaminating the existing building and ventilation system during the construction process.

Commissioning

The building was commissioned by a third-party authority for both fundamental and whole-building systems and qualifies the building for both the LEED commissioning prerequisite and the additional credit.

Post-Occupancy

This project utilizes M&V monitoring equipment and controls and a real-time energy management program.

Useful Information Resources and Software

DOE2 software was used for energy modeling.

Radiance was used for energy modeling.

Flovent CFD was used to analyze air flow and quality.

Primary Design Team Members

Malcolm Lewis, PE
CTG Energetics, Inc.
Environmental building consultant
Irvine, CA
http://www.ctg-net.com

John Picard
E-Squared
Environmental building consultant
Manhattan Beach, CA

Richard Spiessl
Naval Base Ventura County Public Works Department
Owner/developer
Port Hueneme, CA

Robert Wood
Naval Base Ventura County Public Works Department
Owner/developer (Facilities manager)
Port Mugu, CA

Bruce Cooke, PE
RBF Consulting
Mechanical engineer
El Toro, CA

Scott Ellinwood, FAIA
Scott Ellinwood and Associates
Architect
Ventura, CA

Tony Pierce, PE
Southern California Edison
Energy consultant
San Dimas, CA

Finance & Cost

To achieve a building with the highest energy performance at the lowest cost, Building 850 entered into reciprocal relationships with Southern California Edison and similar agencies who were interested in testing high-efficiency equipment. Building owners also kept the cost of construction of the addition down by utilizing the services of the Navy Seabees to reduce reliance on outside contractors. Materials and equipment were transferred from other military and government installations to assist in reducing construction costs and to allow testing and monitoring of system and component performance.

Financing Mechanisms

Grant: Public agency

Cost Data

Cost data in U.S. dollars as of date of completion.

Total project cost (land excluded): [SIHO]3,000,000

Land Use & Community

Building 850 serves as a U.S. Navy Energy and Sustainability Showcase Building, and is designed to maximize educational opportunities and demonstrate green design and construction practices. As home to Naval Base Ventura County Public Works Department, Building 850 provides exposure to green building techniques that can be applied to other projects across the base and at other Navy sites worldwide.

Educational tools throughout the building for technology transfer include: an interactive touch screen computer kiosk in the lobby to give occupants and visitors a real-time view of building energy demands and green features; a video documenting the design process; posters in the lobby displaying sustainable features; a classroom specifically for green building and sustainability education; guided green building tours for visitors, including local school children and government officials; and partnerships to allow the use of the building by Southern California Edison and Southern California Gas to provide workshops for customers within their service territories.

Alternative transportation accommodations include: 5 electric vehicle charging stations for fleet vehicles, 6 bicycle spaces and 4 showers, 5 carpool/vanpool spaces, a comprehensive ride-share program, and parking accommodations for just 73% of building occupants.

Green Strategies

Properties with Excessive Impacts

·Avoid contributing to sprawl

·Avoid building on a flood-prone property

·Avoid properties where damage to fragile ecosystems cannot be avoided

Support for Appropriate Transportation

·Provide showers and changing areas for bicycle and pedestrian commuters

·Provide storage area for bicycles

·Provide vehicle access to support car and vanpooling

·Provide incentives for non-automobile commuting options

·Provide for electric vehicle charging

Property Selection Opportunities

Look for opportunities for infill development

Select already-developed sites for new development

Site Description

Approximately 18,000 ft2 (1,700 m2) of open space adjacent to the building have been designated for the lifetime of the building. Non-native, water-consumptive plants were removed from the site, which now contains xeriscape landscaping with native plants that have minimal irrigation requirements. The installed "intelligent," water-efficient irrigation system has integrated controls to limit watering in wet weather. Plant species are labeled in order to familiarize occupants with the local flora.

Stormwater is collected from the roof to reduce runoff and is used for toilet flushing. Infiltration trenches along the site, and porous paving in the parking area, allow for groundwater recharge and stormwater runoff reduction. Prior to the project, the old building experienced annual flooding. However, reductions in impervious surfaces, collection of stormwater, and installation of infiltration trenches have resulted in the elimination of flooding and the absorption of almost all stormwater on-site.

Water conservation in Building 850 is achieved through a combination of efficient plumbing features, use of reclaimed water and captured rainwater, and efficient landscaping and irrigation systems. Waterless urinals, low-flow toilets, automatic lavatory faucets and low-flow showerheads reduce interior water consumption by more than 40%. Captured rainwater and reclaimed lavatory graywater are used for toilet flushing, reducing the amount of potable water used for sewage conveyance by more than 90%.

The site is partially landscaped with drought-tolerant native plants, which can subsist on the natural rainfall occurring on the site. A water-efficient drip-irrigation system was installed for initial plantings only and will be disconnected once plants are established.

·Lot size: 45,000 ft2

·Building footprint: 17,100 sq ft (1,590 sq meters)

·Previously developed land

Water Conservation and Use

Indoor potable water use: 61,300 gal/yr (232,000 liters/yr)

Outdoor potable water use: 9,010 gal/yr (34,100 liters/yr)

Total potable water use: 70,400 gal/yr (266,000 liters/yr)

Potable water use per unit area: 4.14 gal/sq ft (169 liters/sq meter)

Green Strategies

Landscape Plantings

Landscape with indigenous vegetation

Low-Water-Use Fixtures

Use low-flow toilets

Managing Stormwater

Incorporate surface infiltration basins in landscapes

Rainwater Collection

Collect and store rainwater for uses in building

Construction Impacts

Minimize soil erosion from construction activities

Demand for Irrigation

Select plants for drought tolerance

Siting Analysis

Assess regional climatic conditions

Investigate microclimate (specific variations from regional climatic conditions)

Low-Impact Siting

Select an already-developed portion of a site for new development

Site Planning

Provide for solar access

Energy

Building 850 is approximately 55% more efficient than California's 1995 Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards. Energy efficiency was achieved through optimization of the building envelope, minimization of internal loads, careful selection of HVAC components, and innovative use of on-site power generation from renewable sources. A 30 kW photovoltaic array supplies 68% of the total annual energy cost for the building.

Energy-efficient methodology and systems incorporated into the building systems design include:

100% daylighting of all occupied spaces;

Unique solar shading and innovative glazing elements;

Maximized use of natural ventilation;

Photovoltaic power generation;

Solar space heating and domestic hot water heating systems;

Low-energy fluorescent lighting systems incorporating direct/indirect fixtures;

Continuously dimming electronic ballasts and occupancy and photo sensor controls for lighting;

Real-time energy monitoring accessible via the Internet (Web access pending); and

HVAC systems demonstrating several new technologies including: prototype natural-gas heat-pump air conditioning, variable air volume underfloor air distribution, and efficient pulse hot water boilers.

Partnerships were formed with research organizations including California Polytechnic University at Pomona and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to conduct detailed analyses of alternative building systems and materials. These analyses were then folded back into the design process in an iterative process until an optimal set of strategies was established.

The building is oriented along an east-west axis to maximize daylighting, minimize solar transmittance, and allow natural ventilation along its length with operable windows. The building envelope is constructed with an R-19 (RSI 3.3) roof and R-11 (RSI 1.9) wall insulation. The roof has a reflective white finish to minimize solar heat gain.

Project designers utilized physical and computer-generated modeling to optimize design interaction of available daylighting with building envelope considerations, interiors components, and infrastructure systems. The building utilizes an integrated daylighting system with continuously dimming ballasts automatically dimming lighting fixtures in reaction to available daylight. North-facing clerestory glazing is used, with shaded southern vision glazing and south-facing light shelves to minimize the thermal effects of glazing on these orientations while maximizing daylighting in all occupied spaces. Glazing types at each window level were customized to maximize occupant comfort while viewing computer terminal screens. The result is a 100% daylit facility with a 6% daylight factor and minimized solar transmittance providing satisfied occupant comfort.

The efficient mechanical system includes premium efficiency motors for pumps and fans; high SEER air conditioners with engine-driven, direct-expansion, reciprocating compressors; underfloor air distribution; and a direct digital control (DDC) system linked to a building management system computer terminal.

Annual On-site Renewable Energy Production
Fuel	Quantity		MJ	MJ/m2
Photovoltaics	53,500 kWh		192,000	122
Total Annual Building Energy Consumption
Fuel		Cost	MJ	MJ/m2	[SIHO]/m2
Total Purchased			452,000	286
Total On-Site Renewable			192,000	122
Grand Total			644,000	408

Annual End-Use Breakdown
End Use	Quantity	MJ	MJ/m2
Heating	47,500 kWh	171,000	108
Cooling	17,000 kWh	61,200	38.8
Lighting	15,000 kWh	54,000	34.2
Fans/Pumps	39,000 kWh	140,000	88.9
Plug Loads and Equipment	60,400 kWh	217,000	138
Vertical Transport
Domestic Hot Water
Other

Data Sources & Reliability

Simulation software
DOE-2

Green Strategies

Solar Cooling Loads

Use light-colored exterior walls and roofs

Orient the building properly

Daylighting for Energy Efficiency

Use building elements to redirect daylight and control glare

Use north/south roof monitors and/or clerestories for daylighting

Locate floor openings under top-lighting to increase daylighting penetration

Non-Solar Cooling Loads

Provide high-low openings to remove unwanted heat by stack ventilation

Provide an open floor plan and openings located to catch prevailing breezes

Use operable windows

Reduce internal heat gains by improving lighting and appliance efficiency

Water Heaters

Use solar water heaters

Cooling Systems

Size cooling equipment appropriately

Use a gas-fired absorption chiller/heater

Commission the HVAC system

Light Levels

Minimize outdoor lighting

Photovoltaics

Use a photovoltaic (PV) system to generate electricity on-site

Arrange for sale of excess electricity into the grid

Light Sources

Use high-efficacy T8 fluorescent lamps

High-performance Windows and Doors

Optimize energy performance of glazing systems

Lighting Controls

Use modulating photoelectric daylight sensors

Use occupancy sensors

Materials & Resources

Materials for this project were selected based on recycled content and low-emitting volatile organic compound (VOC) content. Recycled-content materials include steel (steel building), mineral fiber insulation, concrete with 30% fly ash, gypsum, reclaimed aggregate parking base, plastic toilet partitions and clothing lockers, and carpet with recycled plastic backing. Low-VOC-content materials include adhesives and sealants, paints and other architectural coatings, furniture systems and carpet.

To help close the materials life-cycle loop, the project maintains and follows strong recycling practices. The Naval Base Ventura County maintains its own recycling center and collects all types of paper, scrap metal, brass, reusable wood pallets, laser toner cartridges, aluminum cans, plastic bottles and containers, and glass beverage containers for recycling.

Diversion of Construction & Demolition Waste

A Construction Waste Management Plan was developed to maximize recycling of construction materials.

Green Strategies

Protection of Global Ecosystem

Minimize ozone-depletion potential of refrigerants in cooling systems

Reusable Components

Specify carpet tiles that can be resurfaced for reuse

Job Site Recycling

Use reusable forms

Seek a waste hauler who can separate recyclables out of commingled waste

Design for Adaptablity

Use an access floor to facilitate reconfiguring of spaces and cabling systems

Post-Consumer Recycled Materials

Use plastic toilet partitions made from recycled plastic

Specify gypsum wallboard from suppliers that take back scrap for recycling

 Prefer insulation with high recycled content

 Pre-Consumer Recycled Materials

Use concrete masonry units with recycled or industrial-waste aggregates

 Transportation of Materials

Prefer materials that are sourced and manufactured within the local area

Indoor Environment

A major project goal for Building 850 was to create a high quality work environment for the occupants. This was accomplished by integrating interior layout and functionality, aesthetics, lighting quality, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality. All work areas provide occupants with outdoor views, and nearly all visual task areas are daylit via windows, clerestories, and reflective light shelves.

Thermal comfort is enhanced by an underfloor air distribution system for the new building addition. The existing building features operable windows to provide natural ventilation. Real-time monitoring and display of energy use; lighting levels; and building comfort monitoring of carbon dioxide levels, air stratification, air temperature, and relative humidity are used to ensure the indoor environmental quality is maintained. A Construction Indoor Air Quality Plan was developed to prevent pollution sources from contaminating the existing building and ventilation system during the construction process.

Flowvent Software, which used Building 850 as a test case to calculate ventilation effectiveness, was used to calculate airflow, heat transfer, and indoor air quality for the project. Modeling results show the indoor environmental quality to be excellent and exceed recommended practices.

Green Strategies

·Thermal Comfort

Provide occupants with the means to control temperature in their area

·Visual Comfort and The Building Envelope

Use skylights and/or clerestories for daylighting

Incorporate light shelves on the south facade

·Ventilation and Filtration Systems

Specify ventilation rates that meet or exceed ASHRAE Standard 62-1999

·Direct Exhaust from High-source Locations

Provide local exhaust ventilation for rooms with high-emitting sources

·Reduction of Indoor Pollutants

Use only very low or no-VOC paints

Use only very-low-VOC carpet adhesives

·Ventilation During Construction

Provide temporary filters on any permanent air-handling devices used during construction

·Building Commissioning for IEQ

Use a comprehensive commissioning process to ensure that design intent is realized

·Facility Policies for IEQ

Recommend a non-smoking policy for the building

Awards

AIA/COTE Top Ten Green Projects in 2002

Secretary of the Navy in 1997; Category/title: Energy Conservation Award

U.S. DOE's Federal Interagency Energy Policy Committee in 1998; Category/title: Federal Energy and Water Management Award for Efficient Use of Energy in the Federal Sector

White House Closing the Circle Award in 2006; Category/title: Sustainable Design/Green Buildings—Military

Ratings

U.S. Green Building Council LEED-NC, v2 in 2005; achievement level: Gold (40 points)

Sustainable Sites, 8 of 14 possible points

SS Prerequisite 1, Erosion & Sedimentation Control

SS Credit 1, Site Selection

SS Credit 4.2, Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms

SS Credit 4.3, Alternative Transportation, Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations

SS Credit 4.4, Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity

SS Credit 5.2, Reduced Site Disturbance, Development Footprint

SS Credit 6.1, Stormwater Management, Rate and Quantity

SS Credit 7.1, Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands, Non-Roof

SS Credit 8, Light Pollution Reduction

Water Efficiency, 3 of 5 possible points

WE Credit 2, Innovative Wastewater Technologies

WE Credit 3.1, Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction